The Playground Of The Gods :: essays research papers

The Playground of The GodsCathy Spellmans, The Playground of The Gods is an exuberant novel whichdeals with murder in a remote tropical paradise that can further be read as anillustration of mans ignorance and invasion of nature."Do it big, or stay in bed."( Larry Kelly). These are words that ThorosGagarian lives by. He is single of the wealthiest men in the world and whenpicking his private paradise, only one place on earth could serve his needs andfantasies. This place is Mora Utu-The playground of the Gods-a jet-propelled plane jewel inthe placid blue expanse of the South Pacific, the most luxurious and seductiveprivate preserve anywhere on the planet. Once his prized-possession has beenfound, Thoros forthwith ships the island natives to a different island andbrings in his construction crews to hurriedly build his paradise in order tohave it ready for a celebratory visit by 12 of his close friends.     In the introduction to the story, Cathy Spell man makes clear the notionthat the protagonist, Thoros Gagarian views himself as an indestructible god.Her descriptions of his haste purchase of his Island paradise shows a man forwhom their is no boundaries. His gravitas is further displayed in his buildingof his compound.Spellmans voice of reason comes from a spiritual Mexican couple who areThoross servants. They not only warn but promise of many consequences to theignorance to which nature is being shown. Nature will not permit alteration onsuch a scale.(Emilio, 114).However, these warnings are ignored by the men who do not appreciate abizarre servant couple speaking of things which money cant buy and power cantcontrol. This is when Spellmans utilization of irony comes into the picture.A segment of the party catches a tropical fever, yet he cant be cured becausethe tree which possesses the antidote was destroyed in the creation of thefacility. This is followed by a lucky chain of events which is climaxed

Presidential Election Speech :: essays papers

Presidential Election Speech Hello my as many of you know my name is John Moriarty. I am running as the representative Candidate for President of the United States of America. So that you understand my positions on certain thin outs I will tell you a little about myself. I was natural on August 16, 1948, my father was a former U.S. senator. I grew up in the Bronx, of New York, and I received a degree in brass from Harvard University. After I graduated I volunteered for enlistment in the U.S. Army and I served in Vietnam. When I returned to civilian life I married a woman named Nicole Swift, who is my wife to this day. We then started a family, in 1973 I had my first son named John, and in 1980 I had another son named James. I then analyse Law at Vanderbillt Law School. In 1976 I was elected to represent New York in the U.S. House of Representatives, I was also elected to U.S. Senate in 1984 and again in 1990. I will now state my position on 4 separate issues that are current in the United Sates today.The first issue I will talk about is abortion. I am pro-choice, I do feel that women should have the right to choose if they want an abortion or not. Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in the United States today. One out of every three pregnancies never takes place because a woman has an abortion. It is mum that a new individual human begins growing in the mothers uterus at fertilization. The term abortion refers to any premature sound projection of a human fetus. Approximately 93 percent of all induced abortions are done for elective, non-medical reasons. In 1973, the Supreme Court handed down roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton decisions legalizing abortion in all 50 states during all nine months of pregnancy, for any reason, medical, social, or otherwise. This problem has split America in to devil sides pro - choice and pro - life. In January 22, 1973 U. S Supreme Court declared that a women had the Fundamental Fight to have an abortion. I agree with the vox populi the Supreme Court made I will stand by it.The next issue I am going to elaborate on is gasoline control. I am very supportive of controlling the amount of guns that are distributed, I feel that there is too many crimes with illegal guns that happen everyday.

ATA Airlines :: essays research papers

On October 23, 2004 ATA Airlines filed for bankruptcy. The Indianapolis-based carrier also said it has agreed to sell its hub at Chicagos Midway Airport to AirTran, one of its major competitors, for $87.5 one million million million dollars. Like other airlines operating in bankruptcy, AirTran said it will maintain its full fledge schedule and honor its frequent-flier commitments. The tenth-largest U.S. airline by traffic, ATA joins United, US Airways and Hawaiian Airlines in bankruptcy. ATA is the first major low-co&64817&4355st airline to seek bankruptcy protection. It has long been having difficulties by its costly leases, estimated to be virtually $100 million dollars per year oer prevailing market rates. ATA will turn over its slots at New Yorks LaGuardia and Washington Reagan National Airport to AirTran and will fly fifteen of its aircraft on AirTran behalf for six months. ATA has not arranged financing during bankruptcy but Chairman J. George Mikelsone said the AirTran dea l would provide immediate cash infusion while he lines up financing elsewhere. ATA lost $90 million dollars in the first half of this year on revenue of $778 million dollars.ATA Airlines is trying everything they can to view as their company. But they are going to fill to wait it out. Some of their opinions is to reorganize, return to profitability, settle their debts, and be released from bankruptcy or they could go out of business and have their assets auctioned off under court supervision to pay as numerous of their remaining debts as possible. They say that the bankruptcy could probably go on for many months, perhaps for years. Some airlines, such as Continental Airlines and American West, have reorganized under bankruptcy protection, and are still operating. Several others in the USA, and more(prenominal) in other parts of the world, have gone out of business, sometimes after being in and out of bankruptcy repeatedly. Many people had questions about if they bought tickets f or an airline and then they went bankrupt what should they do? They need to wait and see. You cant get retroactive insurance. Also be prepared for schedule changes, flight cancellations, or other disruptions of your plans, before or during your trip, possibly with little or no warning. Another thing is if you have electronic tickets, consider going to the airlines ticket counter at an airport, or one of its city ticket offices, and paying to get your ticket converted to paper tickets.

Young Goodman Brown :: essays research papers

In Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne makes the reader believe that Goodman Brown has learned that truth about the world and how despicable it really is. In the story the accounts of Goodman Brown let you believe that he has truly seen the evil in the world and knows what lurks john everybody masks. He makes you realize that evening though the person may look holy and religious that evilness is all around us and most people will never ever find out the truth. The character Young Goodman Brown written by Nathaniel Hawthorne finds many issues of evil concerning the towns people in which he lives, about himself, and the reality behind the evil.In the story Young Goodman Brown Goodman Brown learns about evil in the towns people and how what he thought was the truth is really not. When Goodman Brown starts his voyage he knew what he was going in the timberland to do, what he didnt realize is that the same reason he went to the woodwind instrument was the same reason as the towns peopl e. When Goodman encounters Goody Cloyse in the woods he is shocked that he sees her out there A marvel, truly, that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at night fall.(Hawthorne 98) When he learns of her travels and of how she is acquaint with the old man he is in disbelieve that a women that taught him religion is evil. When Goody asks the old man for a hand to take her to a chew he offers her cane and throws it down when it hits the ground it turns alive and Goody Close disappears. Leading you to believe that she is just an imagination to get Brown to believe in the evil. Goodman Brown also sees other towns members in the woods such as highly respected people such as Deacon Gookin, and even his wife Faith. When Brown learns of Faith participating in this gathering in the woods he is distraught he loses his mind and goes crazy. Goodman brown learns valuable lessons in the woods about his town and the people and about the world. His journey changed the way he looked at things when he awoke from that night his feelings towards the people changed he believed that everybody is evil.Goodman Brown learns many things about himself when he takes that journey into the woods, among many if his faith.

Skin Color in Black Like Me :: Black Like Me Essays

Black Like Me Skin Color What is the value of skin color? In the biological point of view, it is worth nothing. In the social point of view, it represents community standings, dignity, confidence or something people have never imagined. In the story Black Like Me, by John Howard Griffin, a white Southern reporter, who is the author and the main character, experienced an unforgettable journey in the Deep South. Mr. Griffin has a heart, which is filled with curiosity he wherefore undertook a significant project. He took several medical treatments to change his skin pigments from white to black in order to write a report. To create a successful project, Griffin had to leave his wife to be a temporary African American. Being an African American brought him many unfair encounters. However, after he changed back to a Caucasian, the attitude of everyone had immediately turned, and they treated him well. Mr. Griffin felt bad, and he told everyone about his experiences by writing book s and attending press interviews. Throughout these seriously times, one can read this book and find out the characteristics of the author, how he saw the light bulb, and the truth that he wanted people to understand. Mr. Griffin was a middle age white man who lived with his wife and children. He was not oriented to his family. He decided to pass his own society to the black society. Although this close might help most of the African Americans, he had to sacrifice his gathering time with his family. She offered, as her part of the project, her willingness to lead, with our three children, the unsatisfactory family life of a crime syndicate deprived of husband and father (Griffin 9). Leaving Mrs. Griffin and his children would deprive them of the care they needed. Even though he was not oriented to his family, he was full of courage. He was willing to discuss topics that people hesitated to talk about, trying new ideas that people were afraid to do. After turning back to his own skin color, he be most media conferences and also wrote books about what he had gone through. During those interviews, Griffin was very considerate. He requested Wallace, a reporter, to report carefully so that he would not hurt his African American friends. Please Dont mention those names on the air.

Skin Color in Black Like Me :: Black Like Me Essays

Black Like Me Skin Color What is the value of skin color? In the biological point of view, it is worth nonhing. In the social point of view, it represents community standings, dignity, confidence or something people have never imagined. In the story Black Like Me, by John Howard Griffin, a white Southern reporter, who is the author and the main character, experienced an unforgettable journey in the Deep South. Mr. Griffin has a heart, which is filled with curiosity he thereof undertook a significant project. He took several medical treatments to change his skin pigments from white to black in order to write a report. To create a successful project, Griffin had to leave his wife to be a temporary African American. Being an African American brought him many unfair encounters. However, after he changed back to a Caucasian, the attitude of everyone had immediately turned, and they treated him well. Mr. Griffin felt bad, and he told everyone about his experiences by writing books and attending press interviews. Throughout these lumbering times, one can read this book and find out the characteristics of the author, how he saw the light bulb, and the truth that he wanted people to understand. Mr. Griffin was a middle age white man who lived with his wife and children. He was not oriented to his family. He decided to pass his own society to the black society. Although this finis might help most of the African Americans, he had to sacrifice his gathering time with his family. She offered, as her part of the project, her willingness to lead, with our three children, the unsatisfactory family life of a crime syndicate deprived of husband and father (Griffin 9). Leaving Mrs. Griffin and his children would deprive them of the care they needed. Even though he was not oriented to his family, he was full of courage. He was willing to discuss topics that people hesitated to talk about, trying new ideas that people were afraid to do. After turning back to his own s kin color, he attend most media conferences and also wrote books about what he had gone through. During those interviews, Griffin was very considerate. He requested Wallace, a reporter, to report carefully so that he would not hurt his African American friends. Please Dont mention those names on the air.

What is Information Society?

INTRODUCTIONThese solar daytimes, like the headway in a personal computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone, and communication technology, the noteworthiness of data is often growing. The sharing and move of tuition in the all-inclusive scale be getting far more straightforward and the relationship among individuals is getting rather spread verboten in decipherable of the fact that the reliably developing of new correspondence advancements.In an information society, peculiarly the information advancement, the techniques for media transmission and other electronic contraptions as said are utilize broadly. Also, the alt whiletions in correspondence advances expect a gigantic part in hearty life and make new hold entryways in the field of preparing. Data and correspondence innovation or kn admit as ICT has transformed into a central bit of the general day by day presence of youths and grown-ups (Lydia, 2014).Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, WhatApps, and YouTube are the sorts of soc ial media that go about as a most recent device for a quick and successful moderate in appropriating and getting data (Manoj, 2017). The summons of correspondence, for example, sharing data or learning knowledge should be possible effectively inside a agree of moments with the rise of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype, and so on (Trisha, 2012).Consequently, social media can interface individuals around the globe independent of contrasts and topographical limits. In Malaysia, the procedure of globalization has prompted the improvement of correspondence innovation quickly. This development provide bring many changes to an individual, society, organization, and kingdom. Recently, a statistic demonstrates that the number of social network exploiters in Malaysia has increased from 2014 to 2022. In 2022, it is estimated that there will be around 20.42 million social network users in the unsophisticated, up from 18.62 million in 2017 (Statista, 2018).BACKGROUND OF THE ST UDYAccording to MCMC (2017), there were around 21.9 million social media users in 2016, of that 97.3% guaranteed that they claimed a Facebook account. Ownership of Instagram account (56.1%), YouTube (45.3%), Twitter (26.6%), LinkedIn (9.1%) and Tumblr (4.8%) saw an increase when contrasted with earlier year. Unexpectedly, YouTube has ranked at second as social media with the most user viewing website in Malaysia.YouTube is a video sharing service that enables users to watch recordings posted by other users and upload video of their own. The administration was begun as an supreme site in 2005 and was procured by Google in 2006. The video that harbor been transferred to YouTube may show up on the YouTube website and can likewise be posted on other websites, however, the documents are facilitated on the YouTube server (TechTerms, 2009). One of the reasons why YouTube is so widely used is that YouTube included User Generated subject matter (UGC) features.According to Jose (2016), Use r Generated Content (UGC) is defined as any type of content that has been created and put out there by unpaid contributor or using a bust term, fans. It is able to refer to photos, video, testimonials, tweets, blog post, and everythings in between and is the act of customers selling an emblem rather than the logo itself. People are actually capable of creating their own content material and take part in all types of applications together with WeBlogs, social networking, and online journalism.A few customers create online content on each day basis. They proportion their reviews and evaluations approximately everything from product reviews, services and infant recommendation to boyfriend issues, homework, makeup and game tutorials. Frequently beginning as an interest, developing online content on a personal WeBlog or channel can become a fulltime process. By way of developing content material on a day by day basis, large communities are built up with lots of unswerving fans. New fans and subscribers are gained every day. YouTube is one of the most famous structures on which creators share their content. With one single video, its miles possible to attain millions of muckle.Based on the look by Wilma (2016), the impact YouTubers have on the behavior of young adults is more and more unparalleled. They are seen as function fashions and frequently recognized in the streets with the aid of their lovers. But, out of doors this online global, YouTubers are simply as normal as most of the people. Parents regularly do not recognize approximately the net behavior of their youngsters and the YouTubers that youngsters suggest. This results in puzzling moments when fans enthusiastically apprehend their favored YouTuber even as other world do no longer understand who this unique YouTuber is.PROBLEM STATEMENTIn todays society, the lives of young people are indispensable to the earnings. It is the information and communications channel used. In the past, the use of the I nternet only relied on a computer, now the Internet can be accessed using a smartphone that only has wireless Internet software. According to Muhamad (2017), Internet users in Malaysia are increasing every year from 24.2 million people in 2015 to 24.5 million people in 2016 and the figure is expected to jump further in 2017.The increase in usage statistics was derived from Internet Users Review conducted by the Ministry of Communications and Multimedia where people were able to use the internet for four hours a day and 15.5% of consumers were teenagers under the age of 19 years. According to Bassridja (2009), teenager level is from 12-18 years old.According to Minderjeet (2016), Malaysians invest twofold the energy viewing YouTube than some other country on earth. The psychoanalyse completed a year ago demonstrated 92 for each penny of Malaysians effectively peruse their smartphones while staring at the television. It likewise demonstrates they cherish YouTube, said Sajith amid boa rd talks on So who watches YouTube in Malaysia ?, here today.Malaysians matured somewhere in the range of 16 and 34 years of age watch the most YouTube recordings on a month premise. The review met 1,000 Malaysians matured 16 to 64 years on their YouTube seeing propensities thwartwise over portable and work area gadgets thinking about their favored survey times, session lengths, content classes and sharing propensities. (Minderjeet, 2016).According to Raja (2011), in the era of globalization, the use of the Internet can often change the patterns and lifestyles of teens. The use of long online media over the hours creates an addiction to users. Users are more fun, complacent, and negligent in their own world. They will be angry and being mad when they cannot serve online social media. This symptom will be felt to users who are too addicted to online media especially on YouTube.In a study commissioned by Defy Media, 63% of respondents matured between 13-24 said that they would attemp t a brand or an decimal point suggested by a YouTube content maker, though just 48% specified the same about a motion picture or TV star. In 2014, Variety charged a study asking U.S. adolescents matured 13-18 to decide the greatest influencers. In particular, they were requested to rank 20 prevalent identities in light of agreeability, credibility and other criteria, which the respondents regarded as parts of their general impact.In the last positioning, prevalent YouTubers possessed the main five spots with customary famous people like Jennifer Lawrence and Katy Perry agreeing to bring down positions. In 2015, the magazine appointed this examination once more. However, the outcomes have ended up being the same as the shell six spots going to famous YouTube stars (Andrew, 2017).Hence, the many facilities available on the Internet provide many side effects to teenagers today. Obsessed teens with the use of online media are less focused on the lessons because their lessons are disru pted because there is no time to review. Additionally, the addiction to online media use in like manner affects personal health and education, and even the country has also had a huge impact due to the unhealthy symptoms of app addiction that exists today. (Muhamad, 2017).In view of that, researchers have conducted a study to identify what influence YouTubers have on the teenager. The examination explores what changes in conduct happen, how young people relate to YouTubers and how YouTubers think about their impact on youngsters. Also, the meetings explore whether the life of a YouTuber in truth is as excellent as it looks in their recordings and whether young people know how genuine everything in their recordings is. Along these lines, the examination question of this exploration is as succeeding(a) What job do YouTubers play in the life of their high initiate watchers and how do YouTubers evaluate their own particular impacts and encounters?RESEARCH QUESTIONTo carry out the re search on the impact of YouTubers in the lives of young viewers and how the YouTubers assess their impact and experience among the teenagers in Johor Bahru. There are several questions that formed to use as the guideline of the research. What role do YouTubers play in the life of their teenagers view? How do YouTubers assess their own influences and experiences?OBJECTIVEIn this study, there are some objectives to carry out on the roles of YouTubers and the influences of them among the teenagers in Johor Bahru.To identify YouTubers role in the life of their teenagers view.To understand how YouTubers assess their own influences and experience.SCOPE AND LIMITATIONSThis study aims to see the phenomenon of the influences of YouTubers around teenagers in Johor Bahru. The study is charge on teenagers who are studying, working and married that from 13 to 20 years old. This study also focusing on the teenagers who are specifically from Johor Bahru. They are racial teenagers with different lifestyles and backgrounds.Examples, the teenagers that selected for this study is 12 people where 3 of them are studying in secondary school, 3 of them are studying in high schools, 3 of them is from university or college, 1 of them is already working after SPM examination and another 2 informants is housewife. Besides, this study also focusing on the importance of the role of YouTubers in todays youth society. To make clear about teenagers views on YouTuber. Consequently, the main focus of this study is on the influences of YouTubers among teenagers.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYIn conducting this study, there are some goals and preferred lines that are intend to benefit the purpose and to be a source of reference to society as well as to future studies. In general, this study is intended to study the influence of YouTubers among teenagers especially the age range is between 13 to 20 years old in Johor Bahru. The study also aims to examine todays issue for teenagers who are affected by YouTubers can be contained. In addition, the findings of this study have also brings benefited to parents.Through this study, the parents could know more about the behavior of their teenagers which influence by YouTubers and have a lot of information to advise the teenagers who are especially trapped in the influence of YouTubers on social media. The findings of this study are also expected to assist academicians to further explore factors and methods to address job status destabilization in society as well as to assist the school in particular to take appropriate action regarding this phenomenon.OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONIn this study, some terms in the appropriate context will be used for interpretation.YOUTUBERSResearchers have used the term YouTubers where the word YouTubers is familiar with among teenagers. In this research, the term YouTubers is referred to a person who uploads, produces, or appears in videos on the video-sharing website YouTube. Besides, YouTubers also know as s omeone who uploads YouTube videos, particularly someone who has somewhat of a fan base. Although it can mean anyone on YouTube, in this research, it specifically means someone who makes videos and already has their own channel or company.TEENAGERSIn addition, the term teenagers are also frequently used by researchers in this study. Teenagers are the transitions between children beginning with physical and mental maturity, between 13 and 20 years of age, as young adulthood. The teenagers at this stage will experience changes in their own bodies, they will develop their minds more openly, quickly attracted and easily emotionally aroused. Teenagers used in this context are teens who are involved in addicted to watching YouTube as well as teenagers who fall in regard of Youtubers especially teenager secondary school, high school, university students and teenagers that is working after taking SPM examination.SOCIAL MEDIASocial media is a computer program that provides the function for p eople to communicate and exchange information on the Internet. It is also an Internet-based application group that builds on the basis of ideology and technology. Social media serves as a mean(a) to connect through applications such as Facebook, Wechat, Whatapps and so on. Social media such as Youtube help teens to access YouTubers videos without restrictions.To understand more easily, it is necessary to know the medias intentions first. Media is one of the means of communication, for example, magazines, newspapers, and even radio. Generally, social media is an online medium with the use of the Internet and make people feel easy and convenient to communicate through social networks.

Courtroom work group Essay

During this paper I am going to be covering topics such as the homage work groups, the mapping of a prosecutor, the effects of the criminal righteousice funnel and the backlog of cases on the court system and the courtyard work group. Topics such as these argon weighty to cover so that each individual has a complete understanding of the pros and cons of systems in the judicial system.What is a courtroom work group? The professional courtroom actors, including judges, prosecuting attorneys, defense attorneys, public defenders, and others who earn a living serving the court. (Pg. 312) By Frank Schmalleger 2011. From my understanding a courtroom work group is anyone who works as an employee of the court systems. This includes the bailiff, courtroom recorders, courtroom clerks and translators. During a daily basis the courtroom work group is expected to maintain interaction that serves the court and its many members. The courtroom work group is focused on bringing the case to a fair ending by communicating with each other even though there argon different parties hoping for different outcomes.The reason they ar capable to communicate so well is because even though they support different sides of the case, they are all focused on closing the case quickly. If I was able to make changes to the courtroom work group I would like to change the parcel out time each judge spends on a single case. I feel it is important that citizens understand what the judge is telling them and they feel like they are being treated with care not just being rushed with the system.Frank Schmalleger said, An attorney whose official duty is to conduct criminal legal proceeding on behalf of the state or the deal against those accused of having committed criminal offences. (Pg. 315) A prosecutor has too many duties for one person to take on so they hire assistant districtattorneys who take over most of the court work. There are approximately 2,300 chief prosecutors assisted by 2,400 r epresentative attorneys. I believe that a prosecutor takes on a case by determining what the case fundamentals are and then deciding the inwardness of court work to assign each assistant attorney. The effects of the criminal justice funnel are certain individuals not being allotted the graceful sum of time needed for the judge to look in to their case before being sentenced. I feel that the criminal justice funnel is just a way to speed up the amount of time you spend in the court system.Because of the lack of judges and funds our judicial system has, we are forced to be put through a system that is impersonal and processed too quickly. As of right now if every citizen going through the court system received as much time as they felt necessary, we would be in a permanent back log which mover that one person could sit in prison awaiting trial for over a year when his case could have taken a substantially shorter amount of time with the criminal justice funnel. When members of the court work group are able to come to an agreement or plea-bargain, they are able to speed up the process and move on to the next case quicker and to a greater extent effectively. Some solutions to making the criminal justice funnel more successful would be to put more money in to the judicial system so that more judges could be hired and citizens feel that they are provided with a more personalized journey through the court system.If this was applied the amount of backlog would be substantially reduced because there would be more judges to storage area cases each day. In conclusion, I believe that the court system is always going to be changing. There are always going to be people who are not pleased with the way the judicial system is ran. There are also many aspects which do need attention and would be able to be fixed if only the funds were available. 2.00 chief prosecutors assisted by 2400 deputy attorneys. nal offences. udge is telling them and they feel like they are

Jhumpa Lahiri

The criterion An multinational Journal in side of meat ISSN-0976-8165 The Treatment of Im migratory Experience in Jhumpa Lahiris The Name Sake D. Ebina Cordelia Assistant Professor in English Holy Cross College,Tiruchirapp each(prenominal)i Tamilnadu. Indian writing in English is one of the voices in which India speaks. It spreads the usanceal and cultural heritage of India within India and alike introduces it to the livelong world.It is Indian in sensibility, thought, feeling and emotion and experience notwithstanding submits itself to the discipline of English for expression. The contemporary novelists tread smart paths and this shows the vitality of Indian fiction. Arun Joshi, Khushwant Singh, Salman Rushdie and Vikram Seth puff the Indian social scene, the partition scene, the theme of extraterrestrial beingation and the social, economic and psychological problems of modern man.Writers who be cultural hybrids alike Maxine Hong kinship groupstun, Gloria Naylor, Alice Walker, Bharati Mukherjee, Jhumpa Lahiri and many another(prenominal)s take up issues like identity crisis, nationalism, alienation, marginalization, insider eruptsider and the hegemonic power discourses in the fiction that they are writing today. Jhumpa Lahiri as an im un righttled novelist clearly fits into the school of writers better k without delayn as the writers of the Indian Diaspora. The develop diaspora has been taken from Greek, meaning to disperse. Diaspora, is the voluntary or forcible movement of peoples from their nursing homelands into new regions. Ashcroft, Griffiths, Tiffin Normally, disapora fiction lingers over alienation, devastation, homelessness, existential rootlessness, nostalgia, marveling, protest and assertions and the quest for identity it also addresses issues related to amalgamation or disintegration of gardenings, discriminating margins of two different social milieus, internalizing nostalgia and suffering a forced amnesia. We may call it a literary / cultural phenomenon with a distinct melting pot syndrome or that of a salad bowl where the identity of each ingredient is under apparent motion. Diaspora is the communities of people living o soak upher in one country who acknowledge that the old country as a nation often buried deep in language, religion, custom or folklore, evermore has some claim on their loyalty and emotions. (qtd. in. Kaur, 192) Diasporic experience is a spring of agonized inspiration, multiple identities, new subjectivities, creative memories and fresh perspectives of language and life. The earlier immigrant industrial plant of the neo-colonial and post-colonial works were often a product of forced immigration of people running away from religious and other political or social persecution.But some(prenominal) Indians who migrated to America in the mid 1970s and afterwards were in search of a better life, and material success and prosperity. Vol. II. Issue. IV Th e C rit 1 er io n celestial latit ude 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 Jhumpa Lahiri was innate(p) in 1967 and raised in Rhode Island. She was the daughter of Bengali parents. She was influenced by both Indian and American culture and heritage. This multi-cultural life carriage plays a central role in many of her stories, which depict the alienation and loneliness of immigrants caught amidst two drastically different worlds.Her novel, The Namesake focuses on the lives of Indians and Asians who arouse migrated abroad. Her writings tell us intimately the adjustment problems of Indians (both initiatory and second generations) who have now settled in America. The tension between adhering to Indian culture and imbibing American culture, between upholding family tradition and subscribing to the individual freedom and realization that one is an outsider even though one is natural in that respect is beautifully highlighted in her works. Jhumpa Lahiri portra ys immigrant experience and the clash of cultures.The conflicts portrayed in the novel bring great empathy to Gogol as he stumbles along the first generation path, strewn with conflicting loyalities, comic detours and wrenching love-affairs. With penetrating insight, she reveals not only the defining power of the take a craps and expectations bestowed upon us by our parents but also the means by which we slowly, sometimes painfully, come to define ourselves. The Namesake, is the story of the Ganguli family. Following an arranged marriage in Calcutta, Ashoke and Ashima Ganguli move to the U. S. and settle in Cambridge and Massachusetts.An engineer working at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ashoke adapts more quickly to life in America in contrast to his wife, who resists all things American and pines for her family, in Kolkatta. When a son is born to Gangulis, they are faced with the realization that they cannot wait for a suitable pertain for the child. Ashoke names the bo y Gogol after a Russian writer, whose book he credits with saving his life. But Gogol who does not know the dry land for giving him this name, is unable to identify either with the Americans or with the Indians.Intimately interacting with the American environment, the Indian diaspora continues to feel that they are the outsiders even though they have an insiders insight. The question of cultural identity occurs in Lahiris writings. In India no single culture exists. Too many cultures have crossed and blended here, and produced a hybridity in us that cannot now unmix. The Indian cultural identity has acquired a heterogeneous organic law with todays youth who are on the move in search of better jobs. indeed the bonding between the people and the settlement is fast disappearing. The familiarity and unanimity of basic cultures across communities in the states of India makes for easier assimilation and preservation of ones own culture. But when one leaves India and goes abroad, one re alizes that even though one may try and assimilate with that culture, yet it is a baffling new world. The west which appeared alluring when one viewed it from ones locale, appears complex and complicated when one settles there and realizes that one is exiled by choice from ones home.Immigration is the movement of people from one country or area of the world to another to establish a new permanent residence. People contract immigrants primarily for economic, political or religious motives. The U. S. has often been called the melting pot. The name is delivered from the United States rich tradition of Vol. II. Issue. IV Th e C rit 2 er io n December 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 immigrants coming to the U. S. looking at for lucrative jobs and having their cultures melted and incorporated into the fabric of the country.Most of them (immigrants) were not highly educated and did not possess wealth or power in their home cou ntries other than these few commonalities of what they didnt possess, their backgrounds were vastly different. The thread, however, that bound these immigrants together was their vision of improving their current situation. Emma Lazarus, in a poem entitled The New Colossus, which is sculptured on the pedestal of the statue of liberty tells of the invitation extended to those wanting to make the U. S. their home. . Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breath free. Encyclopedia Americana, 1998, Vol. 637) To a question in an internet interview, regarding Lahiri as a child of immigrants in America and the conflicts she felt while growing up, she says, It was always a question of allegiance of choice. I wanted to please my parents and meet their expectations. I also wanted to meet the expectations of my American peers, and the expectations I placed on myself to fit into American society. She adds that its a classic case of divided identity, but depending on the degree to which the immigrants in question are willing to assimilate, the conflict is more or less pronounced.Her parents were horrible and suspicious of America and American culture when she was growing up. Maintaining ties with India, and preserving the Indian tradition in America, meant a lot to them. The first generation immigrants try to stick to the mannerisms, place and beliefs of their own culture and any clash between their concept of home and their beliefs baffle them. In most of the second generation people these emotional think and ties with the departed in most of the matters are loosened. They mainly go by American styles in food and habits, and their marital relations too are crumbling.The consideration first generation immigrant may be used to describe either of two classes of people. One may be, an immigrant to a country, possible with the caveat that they must be naturalized to receive this title. The second class may be the children of immigrant parents, fi rst in a family line to be born in the new country. The ambiguity of this term extends to the term second generation immigrant, which may refer to the first generation born in the new country, or the first generation born to parents who were themselves born in the new country.The living in-between condition is very painful and marginalizing for them. There is the yearning for home, to go back to the lost declivity, and imaginary homelands are created from the fragmentary and partial memories of their homelands. The novel opens with Ashima recalling her homeland fondly. She is in an advanced state of pregnancy, admitted in a hospital for her delivery. To quote, . nothing feels normal to Ashima. For the past eighteen months, ever since shes arrived in Cambridge, nothing has felt normal at all.Its not so much the pain, which she knows, somehow, she will survive. Its the consequence gestation in a foreign land. . It was happening so far from home, unmonitored and unobserved by those s he loved. (The Namesake 6) Vol. II. Issue. IV Th e C rit 3 er io n December 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 They also face cultural dilemma when their cultural practices are mocked at and there is a threat to their cultural identity. They stand bewildered and confused, and show resistance also to the discourse of power in various forms.In the following generations these confusions, problems and yearnings become less extreme as they get influenced by the culture of that country and also adapt themselves to it. To a question in an internet interview, regarding her immigrant experience, Jhumpa Lahiri says, The way my parents apologize it to me is that they have dog-tired their immigrant lives feeling as if they are on a river with a foot in two different boats. Each boat wants to pull them in a separate direction, and my parents are always torn between the two. They are always hovering, literally straddling two worlds.She feels an immigrant must teach us so much about the world and about human beings, things we cant understand if we are born and raised and live our whole life in one place. The generational differences of the migrants and their children occupy different spaces in the representative culture but their experiences of feeling rootless and displaced can be similar on nature. Though the children born to migrant peoples enjoy better settlement and place in that country their sense of identity borne from living in a diaspora community is influenced by the past migrant history of their parents or grand parents.Ashima tries to settle in and adjust herself to her surroundings, but she feels strange and lost in this country and spends hours remembering her parents and family, and reading the same louver Bengali novels time and again. While waiting for the child to be born, she relives the past until the point of her depature for Boston. The thought of bringing up a baby in an alien land terrifi es her. to raise a child in a country where she is related to no one, where she knows so little, where life seems so tentative and spare. (The Namesake 6) Ashima gives birth to a boy and he is named Gogol after the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol.She feels, without a single grandparent or uncle or aunt, at her side, the babys birth, like most everything else in America, feels somehow haphazard, only half professedly . She never known of a person entering the world so alone, so deprived. (The Namesake 25) Gogol who does not know the reason for giving him this name, is unable to identify either with the Americans or with the Indians. Gradually Ashoke and Ashimas circle of Bengali acquaintances grow and the cultural spirit of Bengal is recreated whenever the friends meet. Robert Cohen comments that distinct diaspora communities are constructed out of the, . onference of narratives of the old country to the new which create the sense of shared history. As Ashoke and Ashima continue to mai ntain a solidarity with the community, they identify Gogol continues to search for his own identity, for a set code that will not make him feel an insider outsider. Vol. II. Issue. IV Th e C rit 4 er io n December 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 The first time his parents leave him alone overnight he goes with his friends Colin, Jason and Marc to a party in the university where his father teaches.This is his first visit to a dorm. There he meets a girl and he introduces himself as Nikhil and he feels at once guilty and exhilarated. (The Namesake 96)Stunned at how easy it is to say Nikhil, he who never dated a girl before and feels brave. He manages to kiss her before he goes. But it hadnt been Gogol but Nikhil, That Gogol had nothing to do with it(The Name Sake 96) One must note the dual identity or identity crisis in Gogol. Prior to his depature for college, Gogol officially changes his name to Nikhil. But even though h e had longed to change his name, he finds that he has to get used to being called Nikhil.And when his parents also refer to him as Nikhil he feels, in that instant that he is not related to them, not their child. (The Namesake 106) Ashoke and Ashima make adjustments which are absolutely necessary. They try to bring up their children the way it is done in India. Sonia and Gogol try to assert their individuality, and Gogol goes to the extent of reminding his parents that he is eighteen. Ashoke and Ashima cannot think of Pemberton roadway as their home, but Nikhil refers to his New Haven hostel as his home. Ashima is outraged by his remark. . Sorry, I left it at home (The Name Sake 108). Ashima says . hat after twenty years in America, She still cannot bring Herself to refer to Pemberton Road as home. (The Namesake 108) Though Ashoke and Ashima have a large circle of Bengali migrants as their friends the sense of alienation can be felt in them. Gogol and Sonia, American born and educ ated, want to be accepted as Americans. However, they feel alienated both from their parents and from their American friends who consider them as outsiders. The insider outsider feeling is prevalent in all migrants. It is through the eyes of the first generation settlers that the second generation learns about their homeland.The idea of home is central to all human beings in every culture. Having sampled the pleasures and labor of the world, one longs to return to ones home. Ashoke and Ashimas body language and demeanour change, the minute they are in India. They are more confident and assertive. It is true that every time one returns one comes back to a different home, because times change and so do people, but nevertheless it is a home where ones roots are anchored. The first generation wants to preserve their culture and customs in the foreign land.It is significant that every other Saturday Ashoke and Ashima throw Gogol for Bengali language and culture classes at the home of o ne of their Bengali friends. But, The children in the class study without interest, wishing they could be at a ballet or softball practice instead. (The Namesake 66) Lahiri also shows that most of the first generation people adjust well and make a space for themselves in the new country. Ashima is a good example of Lahiris first generation people. She tries to adapt herself with the society, she tries to work in a library and manages to drive a car by herself.They concede to Sonia and Gogols demand of celebrating Christmas, and having an American dinner once a week. However, when Gogol gets involved with commiseration, they disapprove openly saying Youre too young to get involved this way. (The Namesake 117) Vol. II. Issue. IV Th e C rit 5 er io n December 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 When Ruth goes off to oxford to do a course he misses her and he, longs for her as his parents have longed, all these years, for the pe ople they love in India for the first time in his life, he knows this feeling. The Namesake 117) He attends a panel discussion about Indian novels written in English. There the question about marginality is discussed. Teleologically speaking, ABCDs are unable to answer the question where are you from? the sociologist on the panel declares. (The Namesake 118) Gogol realizes that ABCD ABCD stands for American born confused desi refers to him also. He ponders over the question of identity. After graduating Gogol gets a job in a immobile and is posted in New York. He meets Maxine and is invited by her for dinner.While eating dinner with Maxines parents, he recalls his mothers hospitable nature and how, She would never have served so few dishes to a quest. (The Namesake 133) Lahiri shows that comparisons and contrast between Indian culture and Western culture are bound to occur. Cultural work shift involves the loss of language, family ties and a support system. Salman Rushdie says, A full migrant suffers, traditionally, a triple disruption. He loses his place, he enters into alien language, he finds himself surrounded by beings whose social behavior and codes are unlike and sometimes even offensive to his own.And this is what makes a migrant such a pathetic figure, because roots, language and social norms have been three of the most all-important(prenominal) parts of the definition of what it is to be human being. For the second generation the question of identity is a complicated issue. At home Indian culture and value system are adhered to, while in public the American code of conduct is followed. This becomes doubly problematic. Added to this is the fact that Ashoke, Ashima and all first generation settlers want their children to do well and get good jobs.The American dream looms in their eyes and they want their children to exploit the situation and derive the maximum benefit for themselves, but they must follow the Indian moral and cultural code at home. However, Gogol, Sonia, as well Moushumi want to chart out their own lives. Gogols shifting in with Maxine is an assertion of his independence, and his desire to completely merge with the American culture. Gogol eventually marries Moushumi, but they are not happy and so they part. Ashoke dies, and Ashima decides to sell the house on Pemberton Road. Hence forth she would spend six months in India and six months in the states.True to the meaning of her name, she will be without borders, without a home of her own, a resident everywhere and nowhere (The Namesake 276) Initially when she had come in 1967, she had been petrified of living in America. But now as she makes the journey back home alone, she is no longer terrified. Vol. II. Issue. IV Th e C rit 6 er io n December 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 It is the last Christmas party at Pemberton Road after the death of Ashoke. Gogol, Sonia and her fiance Ben, and other guest s gather around Ashima to enjoy this moment.Gogol goes to get his fathers camera and finds the book, which his father had given him on his birthday and which he had never bothered to open and read. As the party goes on downstairs, he sits on his bed and begins to read the book. The first generation migrants face cultural dilemma but do their best to retain their cultural identity and cultural practices in their beliefs, values, cloths and eating habits. These beliefs, traditions, customs, behaviours and values along with their possessions and belongings are carried by migrants with them when they arrive in new places.The children of the migrants do not face the same problems because of their parents living here now. Thus Lahiri has shown dynamically the shifting concepts of home and displacement in the successive generations of migrants. Lahiri uses her own craft, technique, style, format and structure. Her narrative voice is elegant, bitter sweet and gentle. Her novel talks of Ind ian culture, traditions, including food and festival, clothes and customs. Her novel, The Namesake, exhibits her signature style and in it she revisits issues that she knows well, those of cultural displacement, sense of identity, and belonging with one foot in two words.Lahiri gracefully shifts the narrative focus from the Ganguli parents to Gogol as he reaches school age. Gogol struggles with his name, which he regards as absurd and inappropriate. The issue of culture permeates the novel, from the early dislocation of immigration in the first half of the novel to Gogols departure from home to Yale University. This renewing is marked by Gogols decision to change his name to Nikhil. Gogols college experience in one way resembles what might be called typical he falls in love he discovers architecture he begins to assert, against his parents desires, his independence and individuality.And yet his experiences are always complicated by the particular, as in any life. Gogol can never, e ven when he moves to New York to work in a large architecture firm, shake his past, his culture or his name as he wishes to do. The novel exposes the fallacy of the American myth of selfcreation. Gogol grows up, moves out and goes through life suffering personal tragedies that also shape his identity. The novel ends with Gogol in his early thirties. Although the novel never feels busy or hectic, the characters are always in transit. America and the west have always been idealized by the Indians.But when adapted Indian migrate to America then the adjustment problems begin between the traditions, one has inherited and the day to day life one encounters there. There is a gradual adjustment, and assimilation and then a hybrid culture comes to the fore. Gradually one develops a respect for other cultures even though ones own culture remains ingrained within oneself. Culture is not defined now-a-days by a place, it is defined by time the now. As identity becomes the core issue, names bec ome quite significant. The expressive function of a name varies from culture to culture.In Lahiris novel, Indian names, the Indian identity of her characters become potent symbols and tools to highlight the immigrant identity. Lahiris works are scattered with details of Vol. II. Issue. IV Th e C rit 7 er io n December 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 Works Cited Bhadur, Gaiutra. An interview with Jhumpa Lahiri www. citypaper. net Bhagava, Rajul, ed. , Indian writing in English The Last Decade. Rawat Publications New Delhi. , 2002 Dodiya, Jaydipsinh, K, ed. deprecative Essays on Indian writing in English. New Delhi Sarup & Sons. 2006 Edwards, Paul. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy 8 Vols. New York. Macmillan Publishing co. , Jha, Gaurishankar, ed. , Current Perspectives in Indian English Literature. New Delhi Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. , 2006 Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake. New Delhi Harper Collins Publishers Ltd. , 2007. Vol. II. Issue. IV Th traditional Indian names, food items, cooking details and wardrobe lists providing the Indian an heathen touch. In Lahiris novel The Namesake the role of memory in a process of change is often used by the writer in an good way. Memory plays tricks on all of us.Memory often idealises its perception of a place to convince oneself that there is one entity which remained constant in world of flux. Food in the novel is a talisman, a reassuring bit of the homeland to cling to. Spices and flavor waft through like themes in a piece of melody as evidenced by the following passage. with the samosas, there are breaded chicken, cutlets, chickpeas with tamarind sauce, lamb biriyani, chutney made with tomatoes from the garden. (The Namesake 148) Lahiri uses food as a tool to explain Bengali culture and also tries to distinguish it from other cultures.For example . Gogols annaprasan, his rice ceremony thre is no baptism for Bengali babies, No ritualistic naming i n the eyes of God. Instead, the first formal ceremony of their lives centers around the consumption of Solid food. (The Namesake 38) Ashima is shocked to see whiskey and wine bottles instead of cereals and tea on elucidate of the refrigerator in Judys house. Here Lahiri emphasizes cultural difference through food. Lahiri is keenly sensitive to the fine ruptures and sudden disjunctures which make the familiar alien, which delink one from the ies of humanity, family kin leaving one with the acute sense of being alone. She maps the emotional lines of her characters. Lahiris elegant prose guides us through their lives. Toward the end of the novel Gogols mother, Ashima, thinks, They are not willing to accept, to adjust, to settle for something less than their ideal of happiness That pressure has given way, in the case of the subsequent generation, to American common sense. The perpetual tensions between cultures, between individual minds, between the mind and the world beyond it, runs t hrough this empathetic, beautiful novel. eC rit 8 er io n December 2011 www. the-criterion. com The Criterion An International Journal in English ISSN-0976-8165 Naikar, Basavaraj, ed. Indian English Literature. Vol. 2 New Delhi Atlantic Publisher & Distributors. , 2002. Patel, Vibhuti. Interview The Maladies of Belonging. Newsweek International, 20 Sep 1999. Prasad, Amarnath, and John neb Joseph. Indian Writing in English Critical Ruminations. New Delhi Sarup & Sons. , 2006 Shankar, Radhika. A writer Free to write All Day . http. //www. rediff. com/news/1999/aug23 Vol. II. Issue. IV Th 9 e C rit December 2011 er io n

A Separate Peace †Denial of Truth Essay

The novel A Separate Peace focuses mainly around a 17 year antiquated named component Forrester and his psychological development. The story is set in a boys boarding school in USA during World War II. There atomic number 18 quadruple main boys in the novel and they all undergo major character changes through the story. One of them goes crazy, and the another(prenominal)s experience severe attitude changes. ingredient is caught right in the center of these changes. He is very close with all of the other three boys, and thus all of the changes affect him very much.Due to all the tension occurring in this novel because of the war and dismantlets going on at the school, there is a lot of defense mechanism of verity happening. Three of the four boys mentioned earlier deny the truth at some epoch in the story. This denying of truth sometimes demolitions with the person who committed the fault in a bad condition at the end of the book, and sometimes in good condition. So it pra t be said that there were both positive and disconfirming results for separately of the self-renunciations of the truth, but these will be explained more in-depth in the following paragraphs.Although it starts after half the book is finished, one of the major examples of denying the truth in the novel is Finny denying the reality of the war. Though it is disclosed at the end that Finny knew all along ab come forth the war, he succeeds, after a little time, in making divisor truly believe in the non-existence of the war (although Gene claims that he did non really believe the story, his bearing around his classmates and his actions say otherwise). The first result we see of this denial is Finnys confession of his bitterness towards the foundation because of his loss.This destroys the image we birth of Finny as a perfect person because it shows that he blames the world for his accident. It also stuns Gene so much that he begins to do pull-ups, even though he has never done ev en ten before. With Finnys verbal help, Gene manages to do thirty. This solidifies the friendship between them. subsequently this moment, Finny decides to take Gene into his confidence and tells him he wanted to go to the 1944 Olympics, but that Gene will have to go instead, and goes on to start training Gene.Finally, after many a(prenominal) mornings of unassailable training, Gene finally finds his rhythm. Superficially, it arsehole be said that due to Finnys ruse ab show up the war, Gene became very athletic. A deeper study shows that the chance is much more meaningful than this. It symbolizes Gene coming into his own. The author writes that Finny seemed older that morning? he seemed smaller too. Or perhaps it was only that I, inside the homogeneous body, had felt myself all at once grown bigger. It may also be said that on this morning Finny (a model of athleticism) became part of Gene.So, it can be seen that Finnys denying the reality of the war was truly one of the more i mportant examples of denial of truth in the novel because it resulted in, among other things, a great bonding between Finny and Gene and shattered the image of Finny being truly composed and serene. Another example of denial of truth would be Leper. Leper, as is apparent throughout the story, continuously denies reality. He is very often be in his own ? dream world, and when he isnt he is shy and hesitant to show his true feelings.This was likely because he was difficult not to make fun of. For example, at the beginning of the book, when he claims Genes jump was fail than Finnys and is rebutted by Finny, he didnt argue or refuse. He didnt back apart. He became inanimate. There are also many examples of his not being conscious of his surroundings. One of them is when Gene is thinking about him when he sees him on his way to clearing railroads. Gene recalls that while most of the boys are listening to the announcements, Leper made little sketches of birds and trees in the back of his wrinklebook.Then, when Gene strolls up to talk to Leper, Leper comments about go paths. Someone choosing to ski over dower clear a major railroad in the middle of the greatest war of all time is quite odd. He is not even skiing anywhere in particular, just skiing to see nature. He also disagrees strongly with downhill skiing, because it takes away from viewing nature. He thinks that only nature matters and the ideal world is as peaceful and going as slowly as he is. Later on, when Leper is considering trades unioning the army, we see more of this denial of reality.He chooses to join a branch of the army that he once thought ruined skiing. He positively believes that when he enlists he will spend all of his time skiing down slopes. This shows that he does not truly understand the seriousness of the issue. Although the positive points of Lepers denial of truth are much smaller than the negative ones, they do exist. Due to his denial of truth early on in the book, Leper went partially touched(predicate) near the end of the book, but it can be seen at many points in the book that Leper finally gained some assertiveness and shed aside his timid personality.The next example of denial of truth is Finnys denial of the evil in other people. Finny represents the goodness that is in human beings. Because he is so good, he has difficulty understanding how other people can have evil in them. This denial of truth gets him into a sorry state at the end of the book. There is an indication of his truthfulness early on in the book, when Gene comments that Finny always said what he happened to be thinking, and if this shocked people thusly he was surprised. Finny is the guy who is always calm and nice.He is so surprised when Gene confesses to him that he purposely caused Finny to fall out of the tree that he refuses to even believe Gene, and calls him a damn fool. Even former to this, when Gene sees Finny in the school infirmary, Finny tells Gene about how he thoug ht that there might have been some foul play up in the tree when he fell, then immediately apologizes to Gene for having that feeling without even waiting for Gene to check the legitimacy of this feeling. Afterwards, on the first day of the actual school year, Finny calls Gene to talk to him.When Gene claims that he was crazy and over the falls, Finny doesnt refute this, and even goes as far as to apologize once again for thinking that Gene was perfectly serious. With his open, honest nature, Finny cannot truly sham that Gene, who he considers his best friend, pushed him off the tree. Finnys reluctance here can also be compared to another incident in the book. After hearing about Leper going crazy, Finny says, I guess I always knew about the war, but I didnt have to admit it. Finny knows that Gene really had caused the accident, but he refuses to admit it and represses it so much that he literally forgets about it.Thus, when Brinker organizes the trial and it is turn out (with ev idence from Leper) that Gene did cause him to fall, it devastates Finny, and he rushes out of the Assembly Room, slips on the marble stairs, breaks his leg, and later, dies. However, if Finny had not denied the truth about evil in others and had openly challenged Gene, then the story would be much different, and Gene would not have gone through the serious mental development that he did. The final example of denial of truth in the story is Genes reluctance to acknowledge the evil in him.There are many examples in the story other than Gene pushing Finny out of the tree that show the evil in Gene. Gene feels a lot of resentment towards Finny for all the things that Finny gets away with. One of these things is when Finny wears his pinko emblem to school classes. He is questioned by the sternest of the Summer Session masters, old Mr. Patch-Withers, but gets away with it. Gene even admits that Finnys ability to get out of trouble makes him envious, but claims that it is okay to be jealo us of a friend, but the next incident proves otherwise.Finny often wears ties to replace belts, but on the day of the bound tea makes the mistake of wearing the school tie as a belt. When Mr. Patch-Withers sees this, Gene becomes unexpectedly excited because Finny wasnt going to get away with it. When Finny does not get in trouble, Gene is disappointed and says, Phineas was going to get away with even this. Genes reluctance to acknowledge the evil in him is turn out later in the book when Leper says that Gene ? always was a savage underneath and Gene kicks the chair out from underneath him.Gene cannot accept the truth. In this way he is similar to Finny, although the reason why is completely different. Because Gene cannot believe that there is evil in him, he tries to tell himself that everybody else is evil and thinks that everyone is out to get him. Because he believes this, when Finny breaks the school swimming record, and refuses to tell anyone or do it officially, Gene says h e is too good to be true. This is because Finnys behavior contradicts Genes perception of Finny as having evil in him and it shocks Gene.Another time when Genes true viewpoint is shown is when he asks Finny if he would pass if he got the highest mark in the class. Finny replies, with obvious sarcasm, Id kill myself out of jealous envy, but Gene takes it completely seriously, and hides his true feelings from Finny. Gene even acknowledges that he does not know everything that there is to know about him and that there are still hidden part of himself. But he says that these parts could contain the Sad Sack, the outcast or the coward.Gene does not mention the possibility of evil in him here or at any other time before Finnys death. The good and bad points for this denial of truth are very similar to the ones for the previous example. Although Gene does not suffer for his refusal to accept the evil in him, Finny does, but only when he breaks his leg, and not when he dies. All of these people react to their various crises in different ways. For example, Leper emerged from a custodial cloud of vagueness only to meet it? and so give up the struggle absolutely, while Brinker develops a careless general resentment against it.It is interesting to note that all of the examples of denial of truth in the book end with the character in question facing a total attitude change. Leper becomes partially insane and much more assertive. Gene understands his feelings much better and is a changed person. It is like when Finny died some of his serenity entered Gene. Because he denied the wars existence, Finny caused Gene to stay away from all their other friends (Brinker, Chet, etc. ) and only talk to him. With Finnys denying evil in other people it is a little bit more complicated. With each successive fall, it was like Finnys character fell too.For example, after the first fall, the bitterness in Finny was shown and he also knowingly lies to Gene about the war. After the second fall, however, there is a bigger difference. He attempts to hide his pain at the ? trial, but after falling again, he can no longer mask his anger with Gene, and shows this when Gene comes to visit him in the night. He tries to attack Gene, but cannot get out of his bed to get near him. Finny has ? move from his state of perfection and is like a normal person. He does show, however, that he still has the ability to forgive when he sees Gene for the last time.

Human Resource Management Policies and Practices That Can Support Business Strategies and Contribute to Improved Performance of the Organization

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES THAT CAN SUPPORT BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND take TO IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF THE ORGANIZATION PREPARED BY ROLAND GBENGA STUDENT NUMBER 0075DSDS1011 MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINITRATION CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY MARKETING MANAGEMENT DR. GEORGE KOSHY 6TH DECEMBER, 2011 elude of content Table of Figures4 1. 0. INTRODUCTION4 2. 0. LITERATURE REVIEW6 2. 1. recruitment and Selection (Toyota)6 2. 2.Training and Professional Development (Singapore Airlines)15 2. 3. action counseling (Quantum)18 2. 4. Employee Benefits and Compensation ExxonMobil19 2. 4. 1. Salary & Compensation20 2. 4. 2. additive Benefits21 3. 0. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION21 Bibliography23 Table of Figures Figure 1 Recruitment and Selection Process7 Figure 2 suppose Analysis Model9 Figure 3 Toyota Sales import 201012 Figure 4 Toyota Recruitment Process for Graduate13 Figure 5 Toyota Recruitment Process for Graduate14Figure 6 Singapore Airline Organizational Hierarch y16 Figure 7 Performance Management Model18 Figure 8 Performance Management Process19 Figure 9 Benefits and Compensation Model20 1. 0. INTRODUCTION Gil more than than & Williams (2009) said People atomic act 18 the nigh valuable asset, it is a cliche resounds oer and again in the heart of the man imagery department of an fundamental law. The height of completion in recent geezerhood does non leave room for bare(a) executive standard of practices (Agawarwala, 2003) .Different companies inculcates different range of human beings beings resource practices and policies because some of them employ sealed interwoven practices which has kick the bucket their attributes and are known to be the substructure of their achievement through and through the way the friendship manage people (Pfeffer, 1996) . The religious policies imbibed by businesses provides them with the techniques to manage human resource error or risk by keeping up to date with trending things happening in e mployment standards and getd legislation.Business Management Study GuideThis research work seeks to examine different companies who find achieved mastery through certain characterized human resource practices, a broad everyplaceview and a comprehensive abstract into the functions performed by the selected companies as regards maintaining a competitive advantage through concentrated human resource activities. There is difficulty in identifying a high society who does both the human resource practices correctly (Pfeffer, 1996) , however there are some companies who have been sustained over the years and are still able to maintain their workforce and too keep them happy and motivated.Organization success and public presentation are popularly measured assessed by the outlook of the financial statement the structure behind the system are neglected mean term it is the ace of the most important aspect of an validation and its harnesses to optimum proceeding. We neglect the con tributions of Human Resources and the various practices put into play in the constitutions success. It is as simple as to say that consumers as happy because there are happy employees who take care of their needs for the bon ton.Why are some employees happy with and are ready to stick with the organization while there are some who wishes for a quick change. The answer to the question above is far fetched but can be streamlined some organization knows how to take good care of their staffs by creating an enabling and conducive surround them thereby retaining their identity, know-how loyalty while they continue to grow and prove their selves with time. This paper seeks to look for different organization and heir Human Resource practices and how it has helped them to in the establishment of a motivated and highly satisfied workforce which has been a contributor to their effect and their sustainability. It is believed that some companys strategies and or practices are their strength because the ability to attract, manage and retain vast knowledge and experiences are in their best practices. * Performance Management * troth Security * High wages * Incentive Pay * Employee Ownership * Information Sharing * Participation and Empowerment * Selectivity in Recruiting * Participation profession Information Sharing * Wage Compression 2. 0. LITERATURE REVIEW 3. 1. Recruitment and Selection (Toyota) (recruitment. toyotauk. com, 2011) Hiring the best people is paramount to the success of any organization more so is the ability to retain a high quality workforce if there is a vacant position in an organization there should not be panic because it provides the organization with the opportunity to examine the position, set the description and determine the qualifications. (hr. uoregon. edu, 2010) Recruitment is the preceding step in the selection method in an organization.Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial PoliciesIt is seen as an activity directed to earn suitable workforces whose qualifications and skills match roles of the pertinent posts in the Organization. While it is defined also as the make for of identifying that the organization needs to employ someone up to the point at which application forms for the past have arrived at the organization (businesscasestudies. co. uk, 2010) . The success of a business is subjected to the skills and competencies of its workforce (Gilmore & Williams, 2009) , it does not s enlighten once it commences, and it gives the rganization the opportunity to pick from a pool of qualified candidates. Among the draw a bead on of recruit to an organization, it ensures a decrease in an organization and individual effectiveness it even aligns the selection rate by limiting the number of evidently over qualified new(prenominal)wise under qualified applicants. (Bliss, 2012) Figure 1 Recruitment and Selection Process (lyonsshers. com, 2012) Man Power broadcastning The planning of staff of an or ganization need that the present and future situation of the organization be assessed and compared to the present and the future forecasted resources.Proper steps would then be put in place so as to bring the demand and supply in equality. Hence the first step is doing a review of the whole existing workforce and their profile which imply the total number, gender, age, sex, experience, flexibility, forecast capabilities and characters of the existing staff of the organization and plans are made ahead for like a period of like 3, 5, 10 years as the case may be taken into consideration normal staff turnover, retirements and planned staff movements along with company plans for the same time frame. accel-team. com, 2012 ) The Human Resource tutor is faced with the obligation to scrutinize and modify other mangers crude predictions in accordance with the organizational need and forecast along with the organizations future demands as regards workforce.Below are the scenarios the Human R esource Manager must take into consideration, forecast of sale and production the effects of technological change on task needs, variations in the efficiency, productivity, flexibility of labor as a result of learning, work study, organizational change, new motivations changes in employment practices ( for instance Toyota outsourced the recruitment and selection to Kentucky Department of Employment in 2007) differences, which respond to new legislation, for instance the payroll taxes, safety requirements and new health the changes in Government policies (investment incentives, regional or trade grants, etc. ) Job Analysis Job analysis is concerned with the formal process of determining the characteristics and what a antic entails and the specific qualities or attributes required to perform the job. (Gilmore & Williams, 2009) Job analysis is the primary tool in human resource perplexity (www. managementstudyguide. com, 2012) it is also defined as the procedure required to obtain information regarding the responsibilities, duties, results, essential skills, and the workings environment of that particular job.The human resource manager requires a lot of data to gather up job description which is the eventual result of job analysis. (Dessler, 2012) Figure 2 Job Analysis Model (www. managementstudyguide. com, 2012) Job Description Job description is based on information gathered from job analysis it is a list that can be used for general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position. Sometimes it includes to whom the position reports, specifications much(prenominal) as the qualifications or skills needed by the person in the job, or a salary range it helps employees understand their responsibilities Job Specification It is also known as employee specification (www. managementstudyguide. com, 2012) .It is further explained to be a clearly stated level of experience, educational qualifications, specific qualities, techniques, communication skills , physical and emotional state needed to perform the job, another responsibility complex in executing the job and other uncommon demands. They comp face-lift of general health, intelligence aptitude, memory, leadership skills adaptability skills mental health, manner, creativity ethics and values and many more as the case may be. Other processes are as follows Sources of Selection Advertising Short listing Interview Health Examination Induction (Murthy, 2010) each company has their well-defined employment and recruitment policies and hiring procedures among which gives them a competitive edge while searching for quality skills.Toyota labour Company is renowned for their recruitment process, and generally its management philosophy. Being the largest car manufacturer (www. theweek. co. uk, 2011) the company sold 8. 42 million vehicles in 2010 has a total employee of 300,734 all over the world. The success the Toyota drive potty can also be attributed to their recruitment and selection programme which is designed to fetch the best people. The Toyota recruitment and selection procedure helps to illustrate how the process itself can interpret into better performance for the whole organization. Toyota Motor Corporation is searching for foremost interpersonal skills, collect to the companys importance on the interaction of the team.In addition the companys whole process is to advance job processes through employee dedication to quality, and reasoning and problem solving skills are also vital manpower requirements. (Piatkowski, 2004) Furthermore since quality is the Toyota Companys central value and so it is also seeking a history of quality commitment to the people it employs. The Toyota production system is based on consensus flexible career path decision making and Job rotation. (recruitment. toyotauk. com, 2011) Figure 3 Toyota Sales Result 2010 (www2. toyota. co. jp, 2011) Figure 4 Toyota Recruitment Process for Graduate (recruitment. toyota uk. com, 2011) Figure 5 Toyota Recruitment Process for Graduate Table 1 Toyota Selection Process Phases heading Conducted Phase IApplication/Orientation The phase includes filling of application forms and a 1 hour video showing the selection system process and Toyota work environment To familiarized potential employees about the company while collection information about work experience and skills Kentucky Department of Employment go Phase IITechnical Skills discernment Paper and Pencil Test General knowledge assessment (2hrs)Tool and Die general assessment (6hrs) To test general Knowledge and potentials Kentucky Department of Employment Services Phase IIIInterpersonal Skills Assessment Individual problem solving ability test (4hrs)Production assembly simulation (5hrs) Assess decision making and interpersonal skills HR Toyota Motor Manufacturing Phase IV Toyota Assessment A general Interview and evaluation (1hr) Discussion of achievements and accomplishments HR Toyot a Motor Manufacturing Phase VHealth Assessment Physical test and dose or alcohol test (2. 5hrs) To ascertain the physical condition Scot County and General Hospital & HR Toyota Motor Manufacturing Phase VIOn-the-Job observation Guidance and coaching on the job after being employed Assessment of Job performance and development skills HR Toyota Motor Manufacturing 3. 2. Training and Professional Development (Singapore Airlines) Organizations see training and development and as a vital human resources activity as they consider it as a motivator for employees to do their job better and thus contributes to their career development.Improvement of an employees capabilities plus their passe-partout development as well as the organizations is part of the purposes of training and development Types of training Aviation remains a large and growing industry. It facilitates economic growth, world trade, international investment and tourism and is indeed central to the globalization taki ng place in many other industries (syl. com, 2006). In the past decades Air travel has grown by 7% per year, travel for both business and leisure purposes grew strongly worldwide the large aircraft such as the Boeing 747 (Boeing , 2012 ) made it convenient and affordable for people to travel further to new and exotic destinations.The airline industry in Asia Pacific Region is highly competitive and price wars are a common occurrence. (Chan, 2000) There is constant fighting for territory and expansion which has led to the merger of Air Asia and Malaysian Airline, a merger which was fronted based on being a major player in the industry along with Qatar Airline, Emirate Airline and more who have concentrated on lowering their costs and improving service to customers thereby posing as a strong competitor. However Singapore Airline has risen to the challenges and are therefore one of the biggest players in the airline industries by going extra miles in their strategies and they are basic ally the trend setter of the airline industry.SIA has employed many sophisticated strategies since it began. These strategies have been supported and modify over the years, and have led to the success, the company enjoys to twenty-four hours. To be successful in the airline industry you have to employ superordinate word efficiency, quality, innovation and customer responsiveness. Figure 6 Singapore Airline Organizational Hierarchy (singaporeair. com, 2012 ) Human Resource Management in Singapore Airline inculcated a system that helps their worker achieve the best they can be, the culture of the company ensures that their employees have full opportunity of extensive learning and development which enhances their personal and professional development.Joining the company gives the employees to be open to experience a full experience ranging the normal orientation programs, visiting of the company sites and attachments so they can exposure to the company and the industry as well, furt her also the company would embark on leadership and general management programs on the average each employee receives eleven years of training each year. Some employees may be assigned to a mentor in their first year who might be their line manager who plays the role in imitating training relating to job skills, a system in place to help the employees adapt to the working bread and butter and adjust to the Companys culture.The company is committed to helping its employees develop into true airline professionals. The company thrive in the business due to the diverse nature of the business require a different scope for development. SIA involves its employees in job rotation schemes which ensure that employees perform their duties in their field of specialization or across functional areas. It is so planned that throughout the career stages and advancement employees will have to interact with his/her colleagues as well as senior management staffs across the whole organization and glo bally, through involvement in the committees and task forces. Even opportunities for overseas duties are available to Employees of Singapore Airline.Employees after working for a period of experience years can apply to plug in the companys Overseas Manager Scheme. This is a good career development as they have the opportunity to become one of the Airlines General Managers oversees. Such manager would be in charge of the companys overseas business interest which ranges from sales and marketing, Human Resource, finance, management and government relations. As a graduate entry at Singapore Airline would start from the junior management level but can rise to the senior management positions such as vice-presidents and above with experiences, training, exposures, and stellar performance as they case may be. (singaporeair. com, 2012 ) 3. 3. Performance Management (Quantum)Figure 7 Performance Management Model (hr. cornell. edu, 2012 ) Performance Management, according to Dessler, (2 012) is a continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of individuals and teams and aligning their performance with organizational goals some schools of thought still refers to performance management as performance appraisal while some say it is just a branch of performance management that deals with reward for performance (Dessler, 2012). Quantum Corporation manufactures and renders services of recovery, and archive solutions for customers ranging from small businesses to multinational enterprises (investing. businessweek. om, 2012) it came into computing business as a supplier of hardware to manufacturers and end users in 1980. The activities below are the uninterrupted practices of Quantum Corporation that seemly infer they are practicing performance management. * Maintaining a result Focus * Decision Making with the best interest of the Company in opinion * Working together Collaboratively * Finding problem Troubleshooting and fixing them * Sett ing high standards * Being open, honest and direct * Staying flexible and adaptable * Taking initiative for ones own development * Resolving issues in an objective manner Figure 8 Performance Management Process (Office of Personnel Management, 1999) 3. 4.Employee Benefits and Compensation ExxonMobil ExxonMobil a multinational oil and gas corporation was formed from the 1999 merger Exxon and Mobil, the corporation was rated as one of the largest publicly traded company by market capitalization. In 2011 the company recorded a revenue of 354,674,000 and a sale of 30,460,000 (money. cnn. com, 2011) and recently ExxonMobil was rated by Forbes as the number 1 largest company among 200 (DeCarlo, 2012) . The amount of employee in the company is 102,700 (CNN, 2010) happened to be the second after Wal-Mart. The Human Resource Department of ExxonMobil places high emphasis on the benefit and compensation of its employees.It stresses the fact that that to stay at the top the corporation has to attract retain and develop the best man power that would meet their business needs, hence the strategy the company is to stay aloof in their HRM activities is the attractive and competitive compensation and benefits. Figure 9 Benefits and Compensation Model (trueinfos. com, 2012 ) ExxonMobil is aware of the effect of reward is, in terms of remuneration and benefits which they are give to employees for their intelligence, passion and ingenuity in performing their duties to the company. The company feels there should be satisfying balance in what the employees seeks in their career and personal pursuits while outdoors work hence the company provided necessary resources that would meet their various needs. At ExxonMobil there is this believe that employees should be properly rewarded because of their hard work. 3. 5. 1. Salary CompensationA very competitive salary (including 13th 14th month) regular salary for staffs are paid with concrete research into salaries paid b y other competing companies in their various positions all over and a benchmark is set. Further in that extra months pay to workers. A Pension Savings Plan The Company contributes to the bonus saving plan of each employee which would be added to the government pension payout. Commuting Allowance Every mileage used from home to work every day are reimbursed by the company. Even on business trips, travel cost are burn by the company no matter the time duration. 3. 5. 2. Additional Benefits ExxonMobil adds some tokens as benefits on top of the interest and their competitive salaries paid to their employees.They range from savings plan, pension plan, medical plan, dental and vision plans, disability plan, liveliness indemnification plan and other programmes such as vacation, global fit discount program, product discount, flexible work arrangements and leaves of absence Medical Coverage (for you and your dependents) this is an insurance plan in place for medical cost not provided f or the employees basic policy (BE) or medical cost contribution. Accident Disability indemnification Insurance plan in place for employee accident both during worry and outside work area, industrial accident insurance police Product discounts Rebates of 10% (excluding taxes) presumptuousness off to employees for using Esso Card, rebates on heating oil, and many more Savings Plan- ExxonMobil employees are provided with a saving scheme where they contribute a certain percentage of their pay and receive the return even with interest.Disability Plan- the programme is in place for employees who are absent from work for both short-term and long-term due to illness or injuries that happened on or off the job. Dental and Vision Plans dental services and vision service are done for both limp and corrective ones. The cost of incurred would be shared between the company and staff. Employees are legal for this programme once you start working with ExxonMobil. Pre- Tax Spending Plan All the staff of the company that participated in the dental and a vision plans are all involved in pre-tax spending plan. Holidays ExxonMobil pays for 8 designated holidays and each employee is eligible to go for 2 paid ones. Scheduling of holidaying varies for company paid for some locations.Global Fit Discount Program the scheme paves way for the company employees and retiree and their families to join top rated health club at a discount rate. 3. 0. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION A careful look at the companies best practices and policies in human resource management as discussed in the previous section, it is observed that there are many practices and policies a company can decide to use to strengthen the organization with its success scarce depends on their contribution to organizational performance. It has assumed that one of these practices is the sole contributor to organization performance however all the functions of human resource cannot be neglected considering their role s collectively as none of the practices can even function without the other.The competitiveness and success of an organization can not only be determined by human resource activities, the fact cannot be ignored that without human effort an organization can function but so far the companies have been singled out as successful through their revenue, sales, market share and market growth. ExxonMobil is an oil and gas company and they happen to be the number largest company dues because of their revenue. My 3 years experience has given an idea in which human resource practice that has proven to be successful it is evident in success of Quantum corporation even ExxonMobil. I have had a good performance because at every closing hour of the day there is continuously a review and report writing where the Executive director would sit and redress every variances and also set a target for the next day.Furthermore all the practices of human resource management are applicable it only depends on the human resource executive to choose know which one is best suitable for the company and its employees. Bibliography accel-team. com, 2012 . ACCEL. Online useable at http//www. accel-team. com/human_resources/hrm_01. html Accessed 11 August 2012 . Agawarwala, T. , 2003. Innovative Human Resource and Organization Commitment an Empirical Investigation. The International Journal of Human Resource, 14(2), pp. 174-197. Bliss, R. , 2012. How to Pitch a Campaign (Watching AMCs The Pitch Doesnt Count ). The Washington Times, 2 June. Boeing , 2012 . Boeing. OnlineAvailable at http//www. boeing. com/commercial/cmo/ Accessed 8 August 20012. businesscasestudies. co. uk, 2010. 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Performance Management Process Handbook. s. l. s. n. Pfeffer, J. , 1996. war-ridden Advantage through People Unleashing the Power of the Work Force. 3 ed. s. l. Havard Business School. Piatkowski, M. , 2004. People Selection Process for Implementing Lean Manufacturing. In s. l. s. n. , p. 5. recruitment. toyotauk. com, 2011. TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING (UK) LTD. Online Available at http//recruitment . toyotauk. com/graduates/recruitment. jsp Accessed 9 August 2012. recruitment. toyotauk. com, 2011. Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) LTD. Online Available at http//recruitment. toyotauk. com/graduates/recruitment. jsp Accessed 9 August 2012 . recruitment. toyotauk. com, 2011. TOYOTA MOTORS MANUFACTURING (UK) LTD. Online Available at recruitment. toyotauk. com Accessed 9 August 2012. singaporeair. com, 2012 . Singapore Airlines. Online Available at http//www. singaporeair. com/jsp/cms/en_UK/global_footer/career-development. jsp Accessed 9 August 2012. syl. com, 2006. Search Your Love. 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The Past America and Beyond

The end of the Second World War has brought so m either a(prenominal) changes in armed services personnel(prenominal) relations, political, frugalal and hearty changes. The most important and most prestigious of these is the rise of two super indexs in the world the United States of the States and the USSR. The outgrowth of these two states has brought so many political and economic changes that became influential from the past decades until the present.The rise of the US government into power has become jalopyive and became the indicative factor in settling international relations. The events that took place after the Second World War created massive impact on policy formations in the international arena. The nippy War for example, has been the biggest offspring of the war. Consequently, from the Cold War emerged different political and economic changes that from the past decades until now stomach still served their purpose, and until this era have played as decisive fact ors in creating outside and domestic policies.For the purpose of this paper, we shall be studying events that happened in the following decades 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The events that will be tackled are those events that tool place that have had great and influential changed in American policy, and those that are until now still customary in international relations.1950 The Rise of the American DreamThe years from the 1950s have highlighted the growth of the American community. Central to this interval is the modernization of the American life, the development of more modernized society, and the peak of what they called the American dream. During these years were the improvement in technology, infrastructures, and the rise of mass cultures.The emergence of this abrupt modernization in American society was a response to the slump that was caused by the war. This response created a boom in American economy. High consumer using up became the coping mechanism of the w ell-behavedians to recover from the war, which in turn also brought in higher government spending, a booming military industrial sector, which became the offset for a prosperous economy (Leffler, 1994).The rise of this modern sedulousness for the American society was a fulfillment for their American dream. Every society and both individual were accountable for their own changes and emancipation. Their goal was to create a society that was free, modernized, superior and on top of every nation. Moreover, this economic boom and high consumer spending brought in the development of new innovations and quality inventions that enhanced not only the purpose that it must serve, but also took note of its aesthetic factors.The rise of the elevator car industry for instance is a good example of the general idea that this occurrence has made a salutary impact on. The emergence of their automobile industry is a set offing point and an important facet in the accepted economic trend that the US has subliminally inculcated towards the people around the globe. (McKinlay, 1993) This emergence has brought in the culture of planned obsolescence, which is now an important factor in the success of globalization and modernization, not only of the American society, but as well as to their affiliate that follow their trails.1960 The Era for Civil EmancipationFollowing the modernization of the American society, was the rise of the various heavy fights against racial disagreement. The postwar era created an avenue for greater equality for the bare Americans. This era highlighted the establishment of various associations that fought for complaisant rights and equality. Further, aside from the African American rights, the Latin civil society also gained consciousness towards their own civil rights.Aside from the civil anti-segregation fight of the macabres and the latinos, their political and economic power were also empowered in the new era of southern racial relations. The ri se of several personalities highlighted this fight during the era. Martin Luther office Jr., served as an influential icon in the fight for justice and equality among the blacks and the whites. And consequently, his influence became rampant that further rallies turned into crusades of trying to overpower the black discrimination. (Badger and Ward, 1996)Following the strong movements for civil rights, John Kennedy upon the start of his term as president legalized a civil rights act. The Civil Act Right of 1964 embodied provisions that prohibited any display of discrimination by race, color, religion, sex and nationality. In addition, the Voting Acts Right of 1965, which increased black voting by a large percentage. (Branch, 1988).This challenge of trash racial discrimination during this era advance a lot of changes in the society, politics and economics. This era exemplified strong resistance of the blacks from further discrimination. However, even though the efforts were strong, nonetheless, the black community has never achieved full redemption against discrimination. Although in this contemporary era where there are black personalities that emerged triumphant and successful within the fields that they chose, today, discrimination against blacks is rampant and their economic conditions are never emancipated as most of the black population still lives in poverty.1970 The Economic Turmoil and Political DeteriorationThe 1970s was an advent of return to conservatism. During the governing body of Richard Nixon, he administered policies that were geared towards the establishment of countering running loose programs. In contrast to liberalist programs, he favored income strategy which initially encouraged individual initiative, personal freedom and lessened government bureaucracy.However, Nixons attempt in reversing liberal ideas became detrimental to the economy. The stagflation in the economy forced Nixon to adopt liberal remedies. This economic recession in US caused a decrease in the demand for goods, workers were laid off resulting to an increase in the unemployment rate, and manufacturers were forced to cut prices in their products and reduce wages for their workers in order to preserve profit margin. During his first term was mostly concerned with finding solutions on how to end the Vietnam War. As a whole, his first term was satisfactorily carried out. And despite the economic stagflations that US experienced during his term, the American community was nonetheless contented with his regime.Despite the moral controversies and the economic downfall that US experienced during Nixons administration, nonetheless he still won the presidency during the next held elections. However, this triumph has caused Nixon to become complacent in running his government, and abuse of power rendered him detrimental setbacks in his governance. His second term however was battled with controversies including the Watergate scandal. He used his powers to eliminate radical counterculture from media practitioners who criticized them to anti war activists. (Nixon Presidency).These occurrences during the era marked certain grandeur in the US history. The lesson of how they dealt with the Vietnam aggression is an important benchmark in their history. It has proven significant policy changes that are currently affecting how US has played with regards to impertinent aggressions.1980 New American InfluxThe 1980s was highlighted by international migration. At the peak of this era, America was occupied by Americans of international decent. A large percentage of America was occupied by Asian Americans, as well as Latinos which enlarged the foreign immigration.This influx in fact prompted the government to legislate acts that shall restrain vicious migration to control the influx of foreign nationals inside the borders of the US. The Immigration and Control Act of 1986 limited and tightened border security. However, the law also provided am nesty for immigrants who arrived earlier than 1986 and allowed them to become legal residents. (Immigration and Control Act of 1986)This event lead to the internationalization of the American community. This further candid links towards global relations, it shaped American society in much(prenominal) a way that they can directly create relationships amongst neighboring countries. This paved the way for an easier connection in the global world which made it easier for them to penetrate and endure international relations. In addition, the end of the cold war became honest to the American community as it increased global responses in the Americanization of the world. And thus, the fall of the Soviet fraternity nonetheless provided a larger array of development and opportunities for political and economic domination around the globe.1990 The New Globe1990s was started at the height of Bill Clintons leadership. During his administration he focused more on domestic issues rather than following the usual internationalist trend. And during this era, America has experienced a rather powerful economic expansion, with little economic inflation. This economic rise in the country allowed them to decrease public debts and budget deficits.Clinton pushed his leadership towards the independent states of American communities. During his leadership, he passed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The organization of NAFTA linked US closer to Canada and Mexico which provided larger trade opportunities and generated greater jobs (Remarks from chair Clinton)These occurrences eventually lead to the strengthening of US economic and political relationship with other allies. This created a world order that is closely linked towards one another. The improved ties between countries made specific changes and opened up better opportunities for their market.The turnouts during this era were important and delicate part of the developments that the US has gone through in the following years. The end of 1990s marked the start of the Bush era which turned out to be an offset for the start of the 19th century. The series of events that took place in the 1990s are still prevalent in the contemporary times, wherein the global community that were started in this decade eventually elevated to form a stronger link in global relations. Hence, the 1990s was a starting point for the current trend of globalization.2000 and BeyondThe events that took place from the 1950s towards the 1990s proved to be benchmarks for the current international trend. The modernization in 1950s, the emancipation of civil rights in 1960s, the economic downfall of 1970s, the influx of international immigrants in the US during the 1980s, and the establishment of the new world order in the 1990s became integral to the emergence of US as they developed to become the international leader and authority based on economic, political and military supremacy.These occurrences are pillars of the ec onomic and political activities of the current US society. The continuing influence of the US over other countries shall prove their supremacy and moral ascendancy in the international relations. The 1990s most significantly had a very distinct impact on the US development and how they were able to gain world power.Globalization as an offspring of the establishment of new world order is the most significant factor in the world domination. The US continuing influence in the globalized community shall always prove to be beneficial to their existence. The US policies and impositions towards their allies are so integral that these policies are geared towards further empowerment of their society. In the future, America is still seen to post political, economic and military supremacy over other countries. Although there are current aggressions against several nations posting ideologies different from that of the Americans, still, the American prevalence is still evident and their allies h ave been expanding and further growing in strength in the absence of a strong contender that shall challenge their world leadership.ReferencesBadger, Tony and Ward, Brian. (1996) The Making Of Martin Luther King And The Civil Rights Movement. working capital Square New York University.Branch, Taylor. (1988) Parting the Waters America in the king Years, 1954-1963. New York Simon and Schuster.Immigration and Control Act of 1986. Retrieved November 16, 2007 from http//www.oig.lsc.gov/legis/irca86.htmLeffler, Melvyn and Painter, David. Ed. (1994) Origins of the Cold War An International History. London Routledge.Remarks of President Clinton in Signing of NAFTA The White House Office of Press Secretary. (14 September 1993) Retrieved November 16, 2007 from http//www.multied.com/Documents/Clinton/SigningNaFTA.htmlMcKinlay, Alan. (1993) Strategy And The Human Resource Ford And The Search For Competitive Advantage. Oxford Blackwell.Nixon Presidency. Retrieved November 16, 2007 from http//n ixon.archives.gov/thelife/apolitician/thepresident/index.php